Chiyambi:
Pamsika wapadziko lonse, zoseweretsa za ana sizongosangalatsa chabe komanso ndi mafakitale ofunikira omwe amagwirizanitsa chikhalidwe ndi chuma. Kwa opanga omwe akufuna kukulitsa kufikira kwawo, kutumiza kunja ku European Union (EU) kumapereka mwayi wambiri. Komabe, ulendo wochoka pamzere wopanga kupita kuchipinda chochezera wadzaza ndi malamulo ndi zofunikira zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe, komanso kutsatira malamulo omwe amateteza moyo wa ana. Nkhaniyi ndi chiwongolero chokwanira chofotokoza ziphaso ndi mfundo zofunika zomwe ogulitsa zidole ayenera kukwaniritsa kuti alowe bwino pamsika waku Europe.
Miyezo Yachitetezo ndi Zitsimikizo:
Mwala wapangodya wa malamulo aku Europe okhudza zoseweretsa za ana ndi chitetezo. Lamulo lalikulu lomwe limayang'anira chitetezo cha zidole m'maiko onse a EU ndi Toy Safety Directive, lomwe pano likusinthidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa 2009/48/EC. Pansi pa malangizowa, zoseweretsa zimayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa zakuthupi, zamakina, kukana moto, komanso miyezo yachitetezo chamankhwala. Ogulitsa kunja akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti malonda awo ali ndi chizindikiritso cha CE, zomwe zikuwonetsa kutsata malangizowa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze chizindikiritso cha CE ndikuwunika kogwirizana ndi bungwe lovomerezeka la Notified Body. Izi zimafuna kuyesa mwamphamvu komwe kungaphatikizepo:
- Kuyesa Mwakuthupi ndi Mwamakina: Kuwonetsetsa kuti zoseweretsa zilibe zoopsa monga m'mbali zakuthwa, tizigawo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayika pachiwopsezo chotsamwitsa, komanso zotulutsa zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.
- Kuyesa Kutentha: Zoseweretsa ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yoyaka moto kuti zichepetse chiopsezo cha kuyaka kapena moto.
- Mayeso a Chemical Safety: Malire okhwima oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zovulaza monga mtovu, zopangira pulasitiki, ndi zitsulo zolemera zimakhazikitsidwa kuti ateteze thanzi la ana.
Malamulo a Zachilengedwe:
Kuphatikiza pa kukhudzidwa kwa chitetezo, malamulo a chilengedwe amagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga zidole. Lamulo la EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive limaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zowopsa pazida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, kuphatikiza zoseweretsa zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zamagetsi. Komanso, Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) imayang'anira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Opanga zoseweretsa ayenera kulembetsa mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzogulitsa zawo ndikupereka zambiri zazomwe azigwiritsa ntchito motetezeka.
Zofunikira Padziko Lonse:
Ngakhale chizindikiritso cha CE ndikutsata miyezo yachitetezo ku EU ndikofunika, ogulitsa zidole ayeneranso kudziwa malamulo okhudza dziko ku Europe. Mwachitsanzo, Germany ili ndi zofunika zina zomwe zimadziwika kuti "German Toy Ordinance" (Spielzeugverordnung), zomwe zimaphatikizapo matanthauzidwe okhwima a zomwe zimapangidwira chidole ndikukhazikitsanso zofunikira zolembera. Mofananamo, France imalamula "chidziwitso cha RGPH" pazogulitsa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malamulo azaumoyo aku France.
Kulemba ndi Kuyika:
Zolemba zolondola komanso zowonekera bwino ndizofunikira kwambiri pazoseweretsa zomwe zimalowa pamsika wa EU. Opanga akuyenera kuwonetsa bwino chizindikiro cha CE, kupereka zidziwitso za wopanga kapena wotumiza kunja, ndikuphatikiza machenjezo ndi malingaliro azaka ngati kuli kofunikira. Kupaka sikuyenera kusocheretsa ogula za zomwe zili mkati mwazogulitsazo kapena zoopsa zomwe zikubwera.
Njira za Shelf-Moyo ndi Kukumbukira:
Ogulitsa zoseweretsa amayenera kukhazikitsanso njira zomveka bwino zowunikira moyo wa alumali wazinthu zawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira ngati pali zovuta zachitetezo. Rapid Alert System for Non-Food Products (RAPEX) imalola mamembala a EU kugawana mwachangu zidziwitso zowopsa zomwe zapezeka muzinthu, zomwe zimathandizira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuteteza ogula.
Pomaliza:
Pomaliza, kuyang'ana malo ovuta a ziphaso ndi zofunikira zotumizira zoseweretsa za ana ku Ulaya kumafuna khama, kukonzekera, ndi kudzipereka kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba yachitetezo ndi chilengedwe. Pomvetsetsa ndi kutsatira malamulowa, opanga zoseweretsa amatha kuswa bwino magombe a ku Europe, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zawo sizimangosangalatsa ana kudera lonselo komanso zimatsata miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yachitetezo ndi mtundu. Pomwe msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ukupitabe patsogolo, kusasintha pa malamulowa kudzakhalabe ntchito yofunikira kwa bizinesi iliyonse yomwe ikufuna kupanga chizindikiro pamsika waku Europe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-01-2024
